Preliminary hypothesis on the history of Gryllinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in America and new taxa of both the subtribe Anurogryllina and the genus Megalogryllus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2019-11-4-279-308Keywords:
crickets, taxonomy, historical geography, America, Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae, Gryllini, Anurogryllina, new taxaAbstract
The fauna of the subfamily Gryllinae in America is not very diverse and may be divided into three generic groups: (1) the endemic (for America and adjacent islands) subtribe Anurogryllina, (2) American branch of the subtribe Brachytrupina, (3) one genus (Gryllus L.) from the subtribe Gryllina. Each of these groups possibly once penetrated this continent in prehistoric times; two of these groups penetrated America earlier and had noticeable adaptive radiation leading to the formation of majority of recent American genera in Gryllinae, but the third group reached America later and is divided only into species. The Anurogryllina is one of subtribes of the widely distributed tribe Gryllini and consists of 4–5 genera clearly distinguished from each other as well as from other subtribes by the male genital structure. The former genus Urogryllus Rand. is here restored as a subgenus of the genus Anurogryllus Sauss. for the first time. A key to genera and subgenera of Anurogryllina is proposed. A new genus and two new subgenera as well as 10 new species and subspecies of this subtribe are described from Mexico, Peru, Paraguay, Bolivia and Ecuador: Mexigryllus huatulco gen. et sp. nov., M. tuxtla sp. nov., Anurogryllus (Forcigryllus subgen. nov.), A. (Pilosogryllus subgen. nov.), A. (Urogryllus) oaxaca sp. nov., A. (U.) parvispeculum sp. nov., A. (U.) minimus sp. nov., A. (U.) tamaulipas sp. nov., A. (U.) pantanal sp. nov., A. (U.) mataracu sp. nov., A. (Anurogryllus) carinatus sp. nov., A. (A.) caraibeus abbreviatus subsp. nov. The genus Megalogryllus Chop. belongs to the subtribe Brachytrupina of the same tribe. Two new species (M. angustulus sp. nov., M. excellens sp. nov.) and one new subgenus (Gigantogryllus subgen. nov., type species Tarbinskiellus neotropicus Gor.) of this genus are described from Guyana, Peru and Brazil.
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